The most abundant fatty acids were palmitic acid (C16:0), arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6), and oleic acid (C18:1ω-9 cis). extract had a greater content of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids of around 46.0%, as compared with 42.0% for Cladophora vagabunda (L.) Hoek and 31.9% for Ceramium virgatum Hooker & Harvey.

( 2014) have reported that the Ulva intestinalis L.

For example, the fatty acid profile of green seaweed Cladophora rupestris (L.) Kützing lipidic extract including palmitic, myristic, oleic, α-linolenic, palmitoleic, and linoleic acids (Stabili et al. However, the biomass of macroalgae is also a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids-PUFAs (both: omega-3 fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and omega-6 fatty acid: γ-linolenic acid (GLA) and arachidonic acid (AA) (Pereira et al. All these findings show that marine and freshwater macroalgae, as a raw material, have the optimal biologically active compounds composition for cosmetics. The extraction efficiency of polyphenols was higher from a mixture of marine algae for the ultrasound-assisted extraction compared to freshwater. Moreover, flavonoids represented less than 10% of the total content of polyphenolic compounds.

The active ingredients of polyphenols, possessing antioxidant activity ranged from approximately 2–4%. Significantly higher values of fatty acids, carotenoids, and chlorophylls were obtained in the case of SC-CO 2 extraction. This is acceptable for applications as a stable raw material for industrial purposes. When comparing the similarity between the concentration of fatty acids and the ratio of the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated in macroalgal extracts, we found small but not statistically significant variations in values between years (up to 10%). The analysis of differences in the composition of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in extracts showed that palmitic acid (C16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1, n-9) reached the highest value not only in marine monospecies and multi-species biomass but also in the freshwater macroalga C. The results indicated that the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids ranged from C9:0 to C22:0. Different extraction techniques were used in order to compare differences in the biologically active compound composition of the macroalgal extracts.

The biologically active compounds (fatty acids, pigments, phenolics, and flavonoid content) were studied in supercritical fluid extracts from the biomass of marine ( Ulva clathrata, Cladophora glomerata, Polysiphonia fucoides, and their multi-species mixture) and freshwater ( C.

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